행렬의 행에 벡터를 곱 하시겠습니까?

행렬의 행에 벡터를 곱 하시겠습니까?

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matrix25 개의 열과 23 개의 행 이있는 숫자 와 길이가 25 인 벡터가 있습니다. for루프 를 사용하지 않고 행렬의 각 행에 벡터를 어떻게 곱할 수 있습니까?

결과는 25x23 행렬 (입력과 동일한 크기)이어야하지만 각 행에 벡터를 곱했습니다.

@hatmatrix의 답변에서 재현 가능한 예를 추가했습니다.

matrix <- matrix(rep(1:3,each=5),nrow=3,ncol=5,byrow=TRUE)

     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    1    1    1    1
[2,]    2    2    2    2    2
[3,]    3    3    3    3    3

vector <- 1:5

원하는 출력 :

     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    2    3    4    5
[2,]    2    4    6    8   10
[3,]    3    6    9   12   15

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나는 당신이 찾고 있다고 생각합니다 sweep().

# Create example data and vector
mat <- matrix(rep(1:3,each=5),nrow=3,ncol=5,byrow=TRUE)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    1    1    1    1
[2,]    2    2    2    2    2
[3,]    3    3    3    3    3

vec <- 1:5

# Use sweep to apply the vector with the multiply (`*`) function
#  across columns (See ?apply for an explanation of MARGIN) 
sweep(mat, MARGIN=2, vec, `*`)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    2    3    4    5
[2,]    2    4    6    8   10
[3,]    3    6    9   12   15

수년에 걸쳐 개선되었지만 R의 핵심 기능 중 하나였습니다.

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> MyMatrix <- matrix(c(1,2,3, 11,12,13), nrow = 2, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE)
> MyMatrix
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    3
[2,]   11   12   13
> MyVector <- c(1:3)
> MyVector
[1] 1 2 3

다음 중 하나를 사용할 수 있습니다.

> t(t(MyMatrix) * MyVector)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    4    9
[2,]   11   24   39

또는:

> MyMatrix %*% diag(MyVector)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    4    9
[2,]   11   24   39

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사실 sweep내 컴퓨터에서 가장 빠른 옵션은 아닙니다.

MyMatrix <- matrix(c(1:1e6), ncol=1e4, byrow=TRUE)
MyVector <- c(1:1e4)

Rprof(tmp <- tempfile(),interval = 0.001)
t(t(MyMatrix) * MyVector) # first option
Rprof()
MyTimerTranspose=summaryRprof(tmp)$sampling.time
unlink(tmp)

Rprof(tmp <- tempfile(),interval = 0.001)
MyMatrix %*% diag(MyVector) # second option
Rprof()
MyTimerDiag=summaryRprof(tmp)$sampling.time
unlink(tmp)

Rprof(tmp <- tempfile(),interval = 0.001)
sweep(MyMatrix ,MARGIN=2,MyVector,`*`)  # third option
Rprof()
MyTimerSweep=summaryRprof(tmp)$sampling.time
unlink(tmp)

Rprof(tmp <- tempfile(),interval = 0.001)
t(t(MyMatrix) * MyVector) # first option again, to check order 
Rprof()
MyTimerTransposeAgain=summaryRprof(tmp)$sampling.time
unlink(tmp)

MyTimerTranspose
MyTimerDiag
MyTimerSweep
MyTimerTransposeAgain

결과 :

> MyTimerTranspose
[1] 0.04
> MyTimerDiag
[1] 40.722
> MyTimerSweep
[1] 33.774
> MyTimerTransposeAgain
[1] 0.043

On top of being the slowest option, the second option reaches the memory limit (2046 MB). However, considering the remaining options, the double transposition seems a lot better than sweep in my opinion.

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Edit

Just trying smaller data a repeated number of times:

MyMatrix <- matrix(c(1:1e3), ncol=1e1, byrow=TRUE)
MyVector <- c(1:1e1)
n=100000

[...]

for(i in 1:n){
# your option
}

[...]

> MyTimerTranspose
[1] 5.383
> MyTimerDiag
[1] 6.404
> MyTimerSweep
[1] 12.843
> MyTimerTransposeAgain
[1] 5.428

---

For speed one may create matrix from the vector before multiplying

mat <-  matrix(rnorm(1e6), ncol=1e4)
vec <- c(1:1e4)
mat * matrix(vec, dim(mat)[1], length(vec))

library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(
  transpose = t(t(mat) * vec), 
  make_matrix = mat * matrix(vec, dim(mat)[1], length(vec), byrow = TRUE),
  sweep = sweep(mat,MARGIN=2,vec,`*`))
#Unit: milliseconds
#       expr      min        lq     mean    median       uq      max neval cld
#  transpose 9.940555 10.480306 14.39822 11.210735 16.19555 77.67995   100   b
#make_matrix 5.556848  6.053933  9.48699  6.662592 10.74121 74.14429   100   a 
#      sweep 8.033019  8.500464 13.45724 12.331015 14.14869 77.00371   100   b

참고URL : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3643555/multiply-rows-of-matrix-by-vector